Automated and intelligent hacking detection system

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Informatics EngineeringThe Controller Area Network (CAN) is the backbone of automotive networking, connecting many Electronic ControlUnits (ECUs) that control virtually every vehicle function from fuel injection to parking sensors. It possesses,however, no security functionality such as message encryption or authentication by default. Attackers can easily inject or modify packets in the network, causing vehicle malfunction and endangering the driver and passengers. There is an increasing number of ECUs in modern vehicles, primarily driven by the consumer’s expectation of more features and comfort in their vehicles as well as ever-stricter government regulations on efficiency and emissions. Combined with vehicle connectivity to the exterior via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or cellular, this raises the risk of attacks. Traditional networks, such as Internet Protocol (IP), typically have an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) analysing traffic and signalling when an attack occurs. The system here proposed is an adaptation of the traditional IDS into the CAN bus using a One Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) trained with live, attack-free traffic. The system is capable of reliably detecting a variety of attacks, both known and unknown, without needing to understand payload syntax, which is largely proprietary and vehicle/model dependent. This allows it to be installed in any vehicle in a plug-and-play fashion while maintaining a large degree of accuracy with very few false positives.A Controller Area Network (CAN) é a principal tecnologia de comunicação interna automóvel, ligando muitas Electronic Control Units (ECUs) que controlam virtualmente todas as funções do veículo desde injeção de combustível até aos sensores de estacionamento. No entanto, não possui por defeito funcionalidades de segurança como cifragem ou autenticação. É possível aos atacantes facilmente injetarem ou modificarem pacotes na rede causando estragos e colocando em perigo tanto o condutor como os passageiros. Existe um número cada vez maior de ECUs nos veículos modernos, impulsionado principalmente pelas expectativas do consumidores quanto ao aumento do conforto nos seus veículos, e pelos cada vez mais exigentes regulamentos de eficiência e emissões. Isto, associada à conexão ao exterior através de tecnologias como o Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ou redes móveis, aumenta o risco de ataques. Redes tradicionais, como a rede Internet Protocol (IP), tipicamente possuem um Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) que analiza o tráfego e assinala a presença de um ataque. O sistema aqui proposto é uma adaptação do IDS tradicional à rede CAN utilizando uma One Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) treinada com tráfego real e livre de ataques. O sistema é capaz de detetar com fiabilidade uma variedade de ataques, tanto conhecidos como desconhecidos, sem a necessidade de entender a sintaxe do campo de dados das mensagens, que é maioritariamente proprietária. Isto permite ao sistema ser instalado em qualquer veículo num modo plug-and-play enquanto mantém um elevado nível de desempenho com muito poucos falsos positivos

Improving processes in a postgraduate office of a university through lean office tools

This paper reports the administrative processes improvement based on Lean Office tools in an office environment of a University department. Lean tools such as electronic standardization were applied on the six educational projects of the department. Also, some were used to organize the computer desktop and network drives to improve the supporting educational projects information. Additionally, due to the absence of Key Performance Indicators (KPI), some here defined and implemented on the department. The main results were the electronic standardization successful implementation, reorganization of the drives and the desktop. The impacts were a reduction of 84% on the files search time, improvements on the development of forms for student I registration and projects managing, a 69% reduction of time searching for student information or data, a reduction of the input times and information handling in an estimated total of 12 hours/year, identification of KPI and development of a dashboard for visual analysis and monitoring of these.The authors want to acknowledge the LeanOffice@DPS team to support this work and the Department of Production and System-University of Minho where it was developed. The authors also would like to express their acknowledgments to national funds by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT - Fundação para a Ciencia e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013

Prevalence and characterization of maxillary sinus septa in a brazilian population

The aim of this study was to assess the anatomic aspects of the maxillary sinus septa, by means of computed tomography images, in a Brazilian population. The results might be of clinical significance in sinus lift surgery planning. In the study, 123 co

Areas of natural occurrence of melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811(Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the state of Bahia, Brazil.

The bee Melipona scutellaris is considered the reared meliponine species with the largest distribution in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, with records from the state of Rio Grande do Norte down to the state of Bahia. Considering the importance of this species in the generation of income for family agriculture and in the preservation of areas with natural vegetation, this study aimed at providing knowledge on the distribution of natural colonies of M. scutellaris in the state of Bahia. Literature information, interviews with stinglessbee beekeepers, and expeditions were conducted to confirm the natural occurrence of the species. A total of 102 municipalities showed records for M. scutellaris, whose occurrence was observed in areas ranging from sea level up to 1,200-meter height. The occurrence of this species in the state of Bahia is considered to be restricted to municipalities on the coastal area and the Chapada Diamantina with its rainforests. Geographic coordinates, elevation, climate and vegetation data were obtained, which allowed a map to be prepared for the area of occurrence in order to support conservation and management policies for the species

EFEITO DE DIFERENTES DOSES DE CLOPROSTENOL SÓDICO NO PERÍODO PÓS-PARTO DE VACAS DE CORTE

O restabelecimento da atividade reprodutiva pós-parto é dependente de dois processos fisiológicos, a involução uterina e o restabelecimento da atividade luteal cíclica. Problemas ou atrasos na involução uterina podem afetar diretamente a atividade ovariana pós-parto. As prostaglandinas F2a (PGF2a) exercem uma importante função no processo de involução uterina. Entretanto, a utilização dos análogos sintéticos da PGF2a para estimular involução uterina em bovinos tem sido pequena. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de duas doses de uma mistura racêmica de cloprostenol (D+L-Cloprostenol), aplicadas no pós-parto imediato, sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas mestiças de corte. Vacas de corte com parto normal foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos: G1(n=144), grupo controle; G2 (n=145), 0.530mg de D+L-Cloprostenol, aplicados IM de três a cinco dias após o parto, e G3 (n=145), 1.060 mg de D+L-Cloprostenol, no mesmo protocolo de G2. Foram analisados os serviços por concepção (c2), dias do parto à primeira inseminação e período de serviço. Não foram observadas diferenças no número de serviços por concepção nos três grupos (P>0.05). A média de dias do parto à primeira inseminação foi de 88,77 + 23,64ª; 77,59 + 26,95b e 76,22 + 26,28b, e o intervalo parto-concepção foi de 97.34±26.54ª; 86,38 + 28,81b; 85,23 + 30,12b, para os grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente (P<0.05). O tratamento, independente da dose de cloprostenol, antecipou o reinicio da atividade reprodutiva em mais de 10 dias. A aplicação de cloprostenol sódico no pós-parto pode melhorar a eficiência reprodutiva de vacas de corte. Não existem diferenças entre as duas doses comparadas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: bovino; involução uterina; prostaglandinas

Perfil nutricional e consumo de suplemento alimentar de atletas de futebol em um clube profissional de São Luís-MA

A nutrição adequada não pode compensar a falta de habilidade ou condicionamento físico deficiente, mas pode ajudar o jogador a potencializar sua habilidade e rendimento. Um atleta bem nutrido rende mais, se recupera mais rápido e consegue melhores resultados. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o perfil nutricional e o consumo de suplementos de atletas em um clube de futebol de São Luís-MA. A população do estudo foi constituída por 26 atletas do naipe masculino com idade entre 18 a 35 anos, entretanto apenas 21 atletas foram recrutados de acordo com os critérios de seleção. Para coleta de dados fora aplicado o recordatório de 24h, para a mensuração da massa corporal total e a estatura foi utilizada a balança com estadiomêtro (Welmy – modelo W300).  As variáveis foram avaliadas através do software BioEstat 5.0. Para definição do o perfil nutricional foi utilizado o Software Avanutri 9.0. Os atletas apresentaram idade de 25,67 ±3,83 anos, estatura de 1,76± 0,08 metros; massa corporal de 74,86 ± 6,53 Kg; IMC de 24,07 ± 1,08 Kg/ m, os atletas apresentaram um déficit na proporção entre gasto energético total e o valor energético Gasto Energético total de 3.574,35 ± 505,99 Kcal; Valor Energético Total de 2.926,86 ± 420,59 Kcal. O consumo de suplementos alimentares é significante chegando a 100%, os suplementos mais utilizados pela amostra foram: Whey Protein e Maltodextrina. ABSTRACTNutritional profile and food supplement intake of football athletes in a professional club of São Luís-MAProper nutrition can not compensate lack of skill or poor physical conditioning, but can help the player to potentiate his ability and performance. A well-nourished athlete earns more, recovers faster, and gets better results. The present study aims to evaluate the nutritional profile and consumption of athlete supplements in a football club in São Luís-MA. The study population consisted of 26 male athletes from 18 to 35 years of age, but only 21 athletes were recruited according to the selection criteria. For the data collection, the 24h recall was used to measure the total body mass and stature. The scale was used with Weli - W300 model. The variables were evaluated using BioEstat 5.0 software. To define the nutritional profile, the Avanutri 9.0 Software was used. The athletes had an age of 25.67 ± 3.83 years, height of 1.76 ± 0.08 meters; Body mass of 74.86 ± 6.53 kg; BMI of 24.07 ± 1.08 kg / m, the athletes presented a deficit in the proportion between total energy expenditure and the energy value. Total Energy Expenditure of 3,574.35 ± 505.99 Kcal; Total Energy Value of 2,926.86 ± 420.59 Kcal. The consumption of food supplements is significant reaching 100%, the supplements most used by the sample were: Whey Protein and Maltodextrin

Population-based seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and the herd immunity threshold in Maranhão

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based household survey was performed, from July 27, 2020 to August 8, 2020. The estimates considered clustering, stratification and non-response. Qualitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies was performed in a fully-automated Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the Cobas® e601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: In total, 3,156 individuals were interviewed. Seroprevalence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 40.4% (95%CI 35.6-45.3). Population adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions was higher at the beginning of the pandemic than in the last month. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly lower among mask wearers and among those who maintained social and physical distancing in the last month compared to their counterparts. Among the infected, 26.0% were asymptomatic. The infection fatality rate (IFR) was 0.14%, higher for men and older adults. The IFR based on excess deaths was 0.28%. The ratio of estimated infections to reported cases was 22.2. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 estimated in this population-based survey is one of the highest reported. The local herd immunity threshold may have been reached or might be reached soon.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. METHODS: A population-based household survey was performed, from July 27, 2020 to August 8, 2020. The estimates considered clustering, stratification and non-response. Qualitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies was performed in a fully-automated Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on the Cobas® e601 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: In total, 3,156 individuals were interviewed. Seroprevalence of total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 40.4% (95%CI 35.6-45.3). Population adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions was higher at the beginning of the pandemic than in the last month. SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly lower among mask wearers and among those who maintained social and physical distancing in the last month compared to their counterparts. Among the infected, 26.0% were asymptomatic. The infection fatality rate (IFR) was 0.14%, higher for men and older adults. The IFR based on excess deaths was 0.28%. The ratio of estimated infections to reported cases was 22.2. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 estimated in this population-based survey is one of the highest reported. The local herd immunity threshold may have been reached or might be reached soon

Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Lecythidaceae

The study of the family Lecythidaceae is part of the project “Flora of Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil.” The family is represented in the area by two genera and three species, namely: Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze, Lecythis lanceolata Poir., and Lecythis pisonis Cambess. Identification keys to the genera and species, descriptions, illustrations, photographic images, comments on the geographic distribution and phenology are provided.O estudo da família Lecythidaceae está incluído no projeto “Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil”. A família está representada na área por dois gêneros e três espécies, a saber: Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze, Lecythis lanceolata Poir. e L. pisonis Cambess. São apresentadas chaves de identificação para os gêneros e espécies, descrições, ilustrações, imagens fotográficas, bem como comentários sobre sua distribuição geográfica e fenologia

Atualizações sobre as zonas de perigo anatômicas para injeção facial de preenchedores de tecido moles : Updates on anatomical danger zones for soft tissue fillers facial injection

A incidência de oclusão vascular após a injeção de substâncias em tecidos moles pode ser tão alta quanto 3 em 1000, a injeção não intencional de preenchedores de tecidos moles nos vasos sanguíneos da face pode resultar em efeitos adversos raros, mas graves, resultam da injeção intra-arterial acidental de material de preenchimento.&nbsp;A oclusão vascular aguda pode resultar em necrose cutânea local ou à distância e cicatrizes ou, nos piores casos, cegueira ou acidente vascular cerebral.&nbsp;As áreas com risco aumentado de comprometimento vascular por compressão ou obstrução dos vasos sanguíneos incluem a glabela, a região periorbitária e as pregas nasolabiais. O conhecimento profundo da anatomia vascular da face e o treinamento adequado são de extrema importância para os médicos que usam preenchedores injetáveis. Os&nbsp; preenchimentos à base de ácido hialurônico, há evidências de que a injeção de&nbsp;hialuronidase&nbsp;dentro de quatro horas pode reverter a necrose iminente

Algorithms to predict cerebral malaria in murine models using the SHIRPA protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Plasmodium berghei </it>ANKA infection in C57Bl/6 mice induces cerebral malaria (CM), which reproduces, to a large extent, the pathological features of human CM. However, experimental CM incidence is variable (50-100%) and the period of incidence may present a range as wide as 6-12 days post-infection. The poor predictability of which and when infected mice will develop CM can make it difficult to determine the causal relationship of early pathological changes and outcome. With the purpose of contributing to solving these problems, algorithms for CM prediction were built.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventy-eight <it>P. berghei</it>-infected mice were daily evaluated using the primary SHIRPA protocol. Mice were classified as CM+ or CM- according to development of neurological signs on days 6-12 post-infection. Logistic regression was used to build predictive models for CM based on the results of SHIRPA tests and parasitaemia.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall CM incidence was 54% occurring on days 6-10. Some algorithms had a very good performance in predicting CM, with the area under the receiver operator characteristic (_auROC) curve ≥ 80% and positive predictive values (PV+) ≥ 95, and correctly predicted time of death due to CM between 24 and 72 hours before development of the neurological syndrome (_auROC = 77-93%; PV+ = 100% using high cut off values). Inclusion of parasitaemia data slightly improved algorithm performance.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These algorithms work with data from a simple, inexpensive, reproducible and fast protocol. Most importantly, they can predict CM development very early, estimate time of death, and might be a valuable tool for research using CM murine models.</p